第六节 结论

本章以中国CSA的发展为例,对我国市场领域里社会运动的发展机制和重要影响进行分析。研究发现:第一,与国外CSA的发展机制不同,中国CSA运动的发展不是依靠国内强大的NGO和消费者组织,其发展机制是在我国食品安全危机的背景下,通过动员特定的话语和符号,将CSA与工业化农业相区别,并基于生产者和消费者对话语体系中所体现出的文化价值的认同,促使二者进入CSA的生产和发展中,从而促进CSA的发展。由此可以看出,我国市场领域里的社会运动拥有话语动员的能力,并通过吸引有着“文化共鸣”的人加入运动中,而不断促进运动的发展。第二,CSA的一个重要影响在于它生产了与主流工业化农业相区别的食物,形成了一个新的集体生产者身份,搭建了CSA生产者和消费者交换的平台,促进了一个新的市场份额的产生,这与国外CSA的影响相似。而由此也可以看出,我国市场领域里的社会运动带有一定的道德价值特色,并通过对传统工业化农业产生方式的批判,建立了新的认知体系,开拓了新的市场份额,这是市场领域里社会运动的特殊贡献。

本章可能有的贡献在于,一是在研究视角方面,弥补了我国文献中对社会运动的研究限于政治领域的不足,基于更宽泛的社会运动的概念对我国市场领域里社会运动的发展逻辑和重要影响进行研究;二是在研究方法方面,运用记号语言链的方法抽象出我国CSA的话语体系,继而总结其动员机制,并据此分析市场领域里社会运动的发展机制;三是在研究结果方面,以中国CSA的发展为例,关注了我国市场领域里社会运动产生、发展的曲折过程,并通过对其突破困境、重获发展的分析,发现了市场领域里社会运动的一种力量之所在——话语动员和价值认同,从而总结出市场领域里社会运动的特殊贡献——开拓新的市场份额。

与世界“本地食物运动”一致,中国的CSA也呈现出欣欣向荣的趋势。本章认为,我国的CSA作为一种新兴的产业,在未来会得到持续不断的发展,主要原因有三点:一是当前我国食品安全事件频发,这为以提供“自然、纯净、真实、公平、可持续”食物为宗旨的CSA提供了发展的机遇;二是我国有着上千年精耕细作的农耕文化,传统的农作技艺和耕作方法为实现CSA模式的本土化提供了肥沃的土壤;三是CSA所拥有的“真实性、利他性、自然性”的话语体系得到了越来越多的生产者和消费者的认同,当这种理念逐渐渗透到多数农业生产者和消费者的时候,我们相信中国的食物体系将会发生革命性的变化,工业化农业的生产方式将会受到“本地食物运动”缓慢但深刻的“冲击”,正如当前发生在美国的情况一样。当然,作为一种由理想主义者发起的食物运动,CSA在未来的发展道路上还可能会遇到各种问题,这也相应地需要更多的人来关注CSA,更多地研究中国CSA的现在和未来。

最后,本章提出可以继续深入研究的方向。在我国,对市场领域里社会运动的研究还较少,本章仅以CSA为例,尝试对市场领域里社会运动的动员机制和市场创新进行研究,得出一些较为基础的结论。未来,这一领域还有许多可以深入研究的问题:一是影响我国CSA成功发展的原因,CSA的成功发展除了与其特殊的话语体系和文化动员有关外,还有没有其他的影响因素;二是可以关注CSA的发展带来的政治机遇,CSA对当前的工业化农业食物系统带来了冲击,这对我国的食品安全制度有无影响,当前主流的精英有无对该运动进行反击;三是关于CSA话语系统的发展和变迁,由于当前只是我国CSA发展的初期阶段,其话语体系是否会随着CSA的发展而改变?CSA的参与者是怎样避免其话语体系被更为主流化的有机农业等运动同化;四是关于CSA的组织发展问题,之前的CSA生产者零星分布于中国的各个省区市,但2012年底,第四届全国CSA大会决定成立全国CSA互助平台,这一组织联盟会对CSA运动的后续发展产生何种影响。

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(1) 比喻是认知的一种基本方式,通过把一种事物看作另一种事物而认识了它。

(2) 转喻是修辞手法的一种,用于与被修饰对象相关的其他事物来指代被修饰对象。